信用证通知行权利义务透视---兼UCP600第九条权利义务分析

居松南


　　摘要：信用证通知行在UCP600的规制下，承担的是转递信息的义务，通知行应当对外承担证明信用证真伪的义务，但是通知行也可以不履行通知的义务，前提是应当及时地通知各方。

　　关键词：信用证； UCP600； 通知行

　　UCP600是构建信用证法律关系的基本国际惯例，在信用证法律关系中，信用证通知行担任着同样重要的角色，并可能对当事方权利义务产生重要影响，笔者着力从以下权利义务角度解析通知行的权利义务。

一、通知行承担的首先是通知义务，而非保证兑付的义务。

UCP600 Article 9 Advising of Credits and Amendments a. A credit and any amendment may be advised to a beneficiary through an advising bank. An advising bank that is not a confirming bank advises the credit and any amendment without any undertaking to honour or negotiate. a. 信用证及其修改可以通过通知行通知受益人。除非已对信用证加具保兑，通知行通知信用证不构成兑付或议付的承诺。
　　信用证通知行一般是开证银行的代理行，通知行承担的是通知信用证的义务，通知行和开证行之间是委托代理的关系，即开证行委托通知行将信用证通知给受益人。作为开证行的代理人，通知行的义务很简单，只需要履行告知的义务即可，而无须承担兑付或议付信用证的义务。本条中提到一个例外，如通知行同时担任保兑行的话，则通知行承担保兑行的责任，也就是第8条里所列明的责任和义务。

二、通知行负有保证信用证表面真实性的义务和责任
UCP600 Article 9 Advising of Credits and Amendments b. By advising the credit or amendment, the advising bank signifies that it has satisfied itself as to the apparent authenticity of the credit or amendment and that the advice accurately reflects the terms and conditions of the credit or amendment received.
　　该条意指：通过通知信用证或修改，通知行即表明其认为信用证或修改的表面真实性得到满足，且通知准确地反映了所收到的信用证或修改的条款及条件。
　　通知行尽管只是开证行的代理人，代行通知的义务，但是通知行对受益人仍然是承担相应义务的。该义务表现为，通知行所通知的信用证或其修改应当是真实的，而且表面上是完整的。在现实的信用证交易中信用证的开出系开证行和通知行之间通过交换密押的方式来核实信用证的真伪，通过SWFIT系统开立的信用证则由系统自动核实真伪，通知行在电子终端上收到信用证文本时，应当核实信用证的真伪，如果开证行决定通知了信用证，则应当告知受益人该信用证的真伪性质。此外开证行还应当完整地将其收到的信用证通知给受益人，尽管UCP600在第35条中就电讯传递中信息的缺失不承担责任，但是通知行应当保证其通知的信用证和收到的信用证是一一对应的关系，若因通知行的失误未能将信用证完整地通知给受益人，则通知行显然是应当承担责任的。

三、信用证转通知行承担的和通知行一样的义务和责任。
UCP600第九条c. An advising bank may utilize the services of another bank (“second advising bank”) to advise the credit and any amendment to the beneficiary. By advising the credit or amendment, the second advising bank signifies that it has satisfied itself as to the apparent authenticity of the advice it has received and that the advice accurately reflects the terms and conditions of the credit or amendment received.
　　该条意指：c. 通知行可以利用另一家银行的服务（“第二通知行”）向受益人通知信用证及其修改。通过通知信用证或修改，第二通知行即表明其认为所收到的通知的表面真实性得到满足，且通知准确地反映了所收到的信用证或修改的条款及条件。
　　UCP600在此条当中增加了第二通知行这一当事方，第二通知行的角色和第一通知行的角色是类似的。只不过第二通知行和第一通知行之间是委托代理关系，第二通知行从第一通知行处获取信用证并向受益人做出通知，则第二通知行也得保证其和第一通知行之间的意思是真实的信用证转通知表示，若第二通知行不能保证该信用证的准确性，不能保证信用证的完整性而通知了信用证，则第二通知行也应当承担相应的责任。

四、信用证开证行必须保证使用同样的路径发出信用证和随后的修改
d. A bank utilizing the services of an advising bank or second advising bank to advise a credit must use the same bank to advise any amendment thereto. 　　
　　如一家银行利用另一家通知行或第二通知行的服务将信用证通知给受益人，它也必须利用同一家银行的服务通知修改书。
　　UCP600强制性地要求信用证通知行一旦被选择，则信用证的修改等通知同样要经过此路径做出，不允许信用证开证行变更通知行，或者通知行变更第二通知行。值得说明的是，UCP600在此条当中，并未规定未能按照此项要求行事的银行须承担何法律后果，或对信用证的效力产生何影响。试想如一信用证修改未能按照原始途径发出，则受益人是按照后续的修改行事，还是仍按照原信用证行事，如果产生这样的纠纷，该如何判定当事方的责任？

五、通知行义务并不是强加的义务，通知行可以不通知信用证，但应当及时告知开证行

UCP600第九条e. If a bank is requested to advise a credit or amendment but elects not to do so, it must so inform, without delay, the bank from which the credit, amendment or advice has been received. e. 如果一家银行被要求通知信用证或修改但决定不予通知，它必须不延误通知向其发送信用证、修改或通知的银行。
　　同保兑行承担保兑义务一样，尽管开证行将信用证发往了通知行，但这并不代表通知行必然确定地承担通知责任。开证行的要约如果没有得到通知行的同意，通知行仍然不需要承担通知行的义务。但是和普通民法里的要约承诺不同的是，UCP600规定如果通知行不同意开证行的指示，通知行应当负有立即通知开证行的义务。而在民法当中，一般均不承认默示承诺，被要约人如果不同意要约，则被要约人无须做出任何意思表示。UCP600的此项规定是为了保证交易能够正常进行，确保信用证能够及时地通知到受益人手中。

六、通知行不能确定信用证真伪时也应及时通知相关方
UCP600第九条f. If a bank is requested to advise a credit or amendment but cannot satisfy itself as to the apparent authenticity of the credit, the amendment or the advice, it must so inform, without delay, the bank from which the instructions appear to have been received. If the advising bank or second advising bank elects nonetheless to advise the credit or amendment, it must inform the beneficiary or second advising bank that it has not been able to satisfy itself as to the apparent authenticity of the credit, the amendment or the advice. f. 如果一家被要求通知信用证或修改，但不能确定信用证、修改或通知的表面真实性，就必须不延误地告知向其发出该指示的银行。如果通知行或第二通知行仍决定通知信用证或修改，则必须告知受益人或第二通知行其未能核实信用证、修改或通知的表面真实性。
　　通知行在不能确定信用证真伪的时候，应当首先负有向发出指令的银行告知信用证真伪不能核实的义务，从这一点上来看，无论信用证是否为真伪，一旦信用证处于通知行手中，通知行首先应当核实真伪，其次即便在信用证不能确定真伪时，通知行仍负有立即将信用证的情况告知发出指令银行的义务。这里通知行承担的义务和民法上的义务有明显的不同，我们可以将UCP600的此条规定视为是对所有银行的强制性规定，方能保证信用证的正常运转。如果是一份伪造的信用证，则开证行根本就未指令通知行就信用证进行通知，从民法意义上讲这个开证行为是一个自始无效的法律行为，对任何一方均没有约束力，通知行也就没有义务通知信用证。这和UCP600的规定是明显不同的，UCP600强行要求所有银行按照其规定行事是有利于保护受益人利益的。
　　本条同时规定了通知行对受益人的告知义务，在通知行不能确认信用证真伪的情况下，在通知行决定通知时，通知行负有告知信用证为不能确定真伪的义务。信用证交易和其他交易不同的是，信用证是开证行发出的单方意思表示，一旦信用证开立则脱离了开证行的控制，信用证能否得到运转和持续依赖于其他当事方的协助，在信用证开证行和受益人之间存在这多重可能出现的当事人。信用证交易下存在真实的贸易合同关系，贸易合同的正常结算依赖于信用证的执行，同时贸易合同的执行又脱离于信用证而独立运作，时效性的要求强调信用证能及时到达相应当事人处。而信用证的真伪确定是有着技术性的要求的，为了能够及时性地告知受益人信用证的运行状况，通知行如果决定通知信用证，则在不能确定真伪的情况下，需要将信用证的真伪通知受益人。这一方面保证了受益人的相关权益，又合理地保护了通知行的利益。

作者单位：江苏唯衡律师事务所
email： pinesouth@163.com
www.lawuser.com.cn
MSN ID: jusongnan@hotmail.com
13851473926

建设银行


中国建设银行银企合作协议（中、英文参考文本）
建设银行


银企合作协议书（中文参考文本）

甲 方
合作协议书
中国建设银行 行
甲方（企业）：
乙方（银行）：中国建设银行 行
为建立良好的银企合作关系，促进银企双方的共同发展和长远合作，甲乙双方本着自愿、平等、互利的原则，经充分协商，达成如下协议，并承诺严格遵守本协议中的各项条款，履行各自的义务。
一、乙方愿意将甲方作为重要的基本客户，在法律和金融政策允许的前提下，优先为甲方提供各类信贷资金支持和其他优质金融服务。
二、乙方将根据贷款条件和贷款程序向甲方提供全面的信贷服务，包括流动资金贷款、基本建设贷款、技术改造贷款、储备贷款、房地产贷款、票据承兑和贴现等。
三、乙方将尽力满足甲方合理的流动资金贷款需求。甲方保证保持良好的财务结构，流动比率控制在 ％以上，应收帐款周转率控制在 ％以上，资产负债率控制在 ％以下。
四、乙方将积极支持甲方进行基本建设和技术改造。对甲方的被国家有权部门列入计划的项目，将尽快给予评估；对乙承诺的项目，将在年度信贷计划中优先安排，并保证资金及时拨付到位。
五、当甲方建设项目的储备资金周转发生困难时，乙方根据储备贷款条件，优先给予安排。
六、乙方将积极支持甲方开展进出口等国际经济往来业务，为其提供全方位的国际金融服务。
七、甲方愿意将乙方作为主办银行，在乙方开立 帐户，并将 ％的产品销售收入通过该帐户办理结算。
八、甲方保证存入乙方 帐户的资金不少于乙方贷款在甲方的所占比例。
九、甲方保证不拖欠乙方贷款本息。如有特殊原因贷款需要展期的，由甲方提出申请，经乙方审核，对符合贷款展期条件的给予展期。
十、甲方保证不挤占、挪用流动资金贷款搞固定资产投资。
十一、甲方保证每月向乙方提供财务报表，并对财务数据的真实性负责。
十二、甲方同意其国际结算业务、代发工资、信用卡业务、职工住房基金、工程预决算审查、项目评估咨询、开发银行贷款和其它银行的委托代理等金融业务，交乙方办理。
十三、本协议生效后，双方应通知并监督所属机构认真执行。
十四、本协议在执行过程中，如发生争议或需要对协议中的有关条款进行修改、补充时，双方应本着平等互利、互谅互让的原则友好协商解决。
十五、甲乙双方在协议有效期内，不得单方终止协议或违背协议条款。
十六、本协议经甲方法定代表人或其委托代理人和乙方负责人或其委托代理人签字并加盖双方公章后生效，有效期为 年，协议到期后是否续约由双方商定。本协议正本一式两份，甲乙双方各执一份；副本份，甲乙双方各执 份。
甲方（公章）： 乙方（公章）：
代表（签名）： 代表（签名）：
年 月 日

银企合作协议书（英文参考文本）
Coorperation Agreement By Bank & Enterprise (For Referance Only)
This is a Cooperation Agreement by
Party A (The Enterprise)
and
Party B (The Bank) China Construction Bank
To better enhance the good coorperative relationship between the bank and the enterprise, and to improve
the mutual development and the long term cooperation of both parties, Party A and Party B, on the basis of ad-
hering to the principle of voluntariness, equaiity and mutual benefit, and after full consultations and negotia-
tions, have made the following agreement and committed to strictly abiding by the terms of this agreement and
performing the responsibilities of each party.
I. Party B is willing to take Party A as an important and primary client, and put Party A in a prior posi-
tion when providing various financial supports and quaiified financial services, under the premise of keeping in
compliance with laws and financial policies.
II. Party B will provide Party A with all-round credit lending services which include the working capital
loans, capital construction loans, technological transformation loans, reserve loans, real estate loans, and bill
acceptance and discount, etc., according to its credit lending conditions and process.
III. Party B will try its best to satisfy Party A's reasonable demand for working capital loans, so long as
Party A maintains a good financial structure, with the current ratio above____%, the account receivable
turnover ratio above____%, and the assets-liabilities ratio below____%.

IV. Party B will actively support Party A in its capital construction and technological transformation. For
those projects which have been listed in the goverment's plan by the authorative departments, Party B will per-
forme the project appraisals as soon as possible; and for the committed projects, Party B shall make a prior ar-
rangement in its annual credit lending plan and ensure the ontime fund supply.
V. When Party A finds a diffictulty in the turnover of its reserve funds for the under-construction pro-
jects, Party B shall make a prior arrangment according to its reserve loan issuing terms.
VI. Party B shall actively support Party A in its international business developrnent, including the import
& export, by providingcomprehensive international financial services.
VII. Party A agrees to take Party B as its main bank, opening its____account with Party B and settling
___% of its trade volume through this account.
VIII. Party A guarantees that the proportion of its fund deposit at the Bank in the above-mentioned account
shall not be less than the proportion of Party B's loans.
IX. Party A guarantees that it will not default the repayment of the principal and payment of interest of
Party B's loans. Should any loans need extension out of particular reasons, Party A shall present an applica-
tion, which will be reviewed by Party B. Party B shall agree only those extensions that are in line with the ex-
tention terms.
X. Party A guarantees that it will not appropriate or misappropriate its working capital funds for capital
construction investment.
XI. Party A guarantees that it will present monthly financial statements to Party B and be responsible for
the authenticity of the financial data.
XII. Party A agrees to let Party B handle its such financial businesses as international settlement, salary
issuing, credit card clearing, staff housing fund management, reviewing of project budget and annual settle-
ment, project evaluation and consultation, development bank loan channeling and management, and other
banks'agent and entrusted businesses.
XIII. When the agreement comes into effect, both parties shall notify the concerned affiliates and supervise
them in their performing of the agreement.
XIV. If disputes arise in the performance of the agreement which causes the amendments of and additions
to the above articles, both parties shall find a solution through friendly talks on the basis of equality, mutual-
interest and mutual-understanding basis.
XV. Within the term of the agreement, no party is allowed to unilaterally violate the articies or terminaie
the agreement.
XVI. This agreement shall be effective only when the legal representative or his (her) designated agent of
the two parties sign on it, with their official seals. The maturity of the agreement is____years. Whether the
agreement will be renewed should be decided by the two parties after negotiations. There are two originals for
this agreement, Party A and Party B shall each take one. There are____duplicates for this agreement, Party
A and Party B shall each take____copies.
Party A (Seal): Party B (Seal):
Representative (signature): Representative
(signature):
(DDMMYY) (DDMMYY)



1996年11月11日